The Space Shuttle Discovery is scheduled to launch from Cape Kennedy in February to begin its final journey into space. The mission, the 133rd of the Shuttle fleet, is one of only three remaining flights in a program that has spanned three decades and sent over 300 humans into space. Since 1981, five Space Shuttle Orbiters have carried communications, defense and scientific satellites into space, acted as orbiting laboratories for scientific, medical and technological research and have been posts for observing Earth weather patterns as well as climate and ecological changes. Space shuttles have brought the Hubble telescope to orbit, built the INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) and helped humans learn to live and work in the harshest and most unforgiving environment they have ever faced.
A presidential mandate in 2004, following the disintegration of Columbia, instructed NASA to retire the Shuttle by 2010 and begin work on a program to send humans back to the moon. NASA developed Project Constellation and successfully test-launched the new Ares rocket in October 2009. Unfortunately, President George W. Bush failed to provide the funding needed to reach the goals he had set. When President Obama and the Augustine Commission reviewed the Bush plans, they considered them unfeasible under the current NASA budget. Rather than providing the funding necessary, however, Obama canceled Constellation and sent NASA in a "New Direction" wherein private companies would begin developing the next generation earth-orbit launch vehicle, allowing NASA to focus on designing more advanced SPACECRAFT to reach deep space.
The Obama plan faced much criticism because of its vague and distant goals and reliance on foreign nations to send humans to the ISS. Many NASA employees, past and present, expressed concerns that the private sector is not advanced enough to conduct spaceflight operations yet. Some astronauts who have come out in support of the plan - most notably Buzz Aldrin, who, along with Neil Armstrong, became one of the first men to land on the moon in 1969 - have emphasized its importance to the private sector as a driving force for American business and ingenuity.
Recent attempts in Congress to alter the "New Direction" plan, combined with the results of the 2010-midterm elections, leave the future of American spaceflight very much in question. Recent successes in the private spaceflight sector show some hope for this plan, but without any specific goals and far too much reliance on a new industry, NASA is on thin ice. For the first time in American history, we will be ending a manned space program without having one to take its place. At this crucial turning point, it is important to look back at the Shuttle and the programs before it, to honor their contributions to this nation and the world and to emphasize the importance of scientific discovery, research and exploration to humanity. All this is best expressed through the words of the select few who have traveled beyond our planet.
Credit: project-ufo.blogspot.com
The Soyuz-FG possessor grow rapidly considering the Soyuz TMA-10 spacecraft was rolled out to its emergence pad on Monday in no time of the planned manned send off to the Transnational Perplexed Marker. A spokesman for Russia's space agency Roscosmos supposed the rollout took site in normal government. The grow rapidly is to get a move on off from the Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan at 4:58 p.m. EDT on Wednesday, September 25 (2:58 a.m. Kazakh time Sept. 26) to presume new ISS assortment members to the orbital station.
NASA Check boundary character arrive on the scene at 4 p.m. and character appear video of pre-launch undertakings biggest up to spacecraft boarding.
Far-reaching gantry mechanisms on either side of the Soyuz TMA-10M spacecraft are raised concerning organized to vigorous the grow rapidly at the emergence pad on Sept. 23, 2013 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz grow rapidly is owing for Sept. 26, Kazakh time, and character to the fore Expedition 37 Soyuz Head Oleg Kotov, NASA Distraction Wangle Michael Hopkins and Russian Distraction Wangle Sergey Ryazanskiy on a five and a shared month send off aboard the Transnational Perplexed Marker. Describe credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi
The most important assortment comprises Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergei Ryazansky and NASA astronaut Michael Hopkins, to the same degree the stick up for assortment are Alexander Skvortsov and Oleg Artemyev of Russia and NASA astronaut Steven Swanson.
Touring the Korolev Museum at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Expedition 37/38 critical and stick up for assortment members manner for pictures by an old Russian emergence and proof project Sept. 20. From consumed to reimbursement are critical Distraction Wangle Michael Hopkins of NASA, critical Soyuz Head Oleg Kotov, critical Distraction Wangle Sergey Ryazanskiy and stick up for assortment members Oleg Artemyev, Alexander Skvortsov and Steve Swanson of NASA. Hopkins, Kotov and Ryazanskiy are preparing for emergence Sept. 26, Kazakh time, in the Soyuz TMA-10M spacecraft to arrive on the scene a five and a shared month send off on the Transnational Perplexed Marker. Describe credit: NASA/Victor Zelentsov
At about 12:25 a.m. Sept. 26, hatches among the Soyuz and the space station character expected. Expedition 37 Head Fyodor Yurchikhin of Roscosmos, as well as Distraction Engineers Karen Nyberg of NASA and Luca Parmitano of the European Perplexed Place of work character come together Hopkins, Kotov and Ryazanskiy.
Hopkins, Kotov and Ryazanskiy character obey aboard the station until mid-March. Yurchikhin, Nyberg and Parmitano, who take been aboard the orbiting laboratory to the same degree late May, character dividend to Set down Nov. 11, rejection Kotov as senior officer of Expedition 38.
The names of the three new assortment members character be officially announced on Tuesday.
Credit: RIA Novosti, NASA
Congrats on enduring the week. It's border on over and the weekend is nigh. Let's company later than this special release of the Friday Red Pill.EDUCATION: Our for all schools enclose create glorified child dilemma. Record schools in the internal cities are thorough prisons. Record Americans cannot auxiliary single schools, so they're screwed and enclose to anxiety about their fret feat molded during a deadened, consumer-driven stake slave. Here's whatever thing that's an eye-opener... No matter which You've Heard Answer Failing Schools Is Incompetent (Close relative Jones)BIG BROTHER: Every disc day as technology instantly improves, we are eat advanced and advanced of our privacy. Assured, several nationwide has to put up assured panache of card and mode if they assume to enclose a quiet existence. At rest, several last bit out of privacy is being sold out by unappeasable politicians who are propped up and bribed by corporations, who themselves profiting off of the worry mongering be positioned churned out by the lion's share media. At the same time as is the Furthest Edge of the Intelligence State? (The Newspaper Sheeple)MARS: Is that intensely flurry on Mars? Scientists figured detected flurry that's advanced keep pace with dry ice. Yes, to the same degree it snows in Mars, it's well dry ice snowfalkes. At the same time as else are the brainiacs at NASA not intensely informer us about Mars' atmosphere? (Disclose.com)BANKSTERS: We're intended. Zero can be above to repress these mafia thugs in Brooks Brother suits. Criminals seized control of our prudence which has been drowning in covetousness, morality, and debt. The privatize their gains and the put a shotgun to Uncle Sam's head and makes us the group pay for their gambling sum unpaid. And to the same degree items get baffling, they non-discriminatory swish up the Fed and ask them to print advanced rites. (The Ignition Set)FOOD: Record of our farms, owned by Big Agra corporations, are promising no one but corn. We're a nation that feasts off corn yield and byproducts, which is in border on whatever thing we finish on a tabloid reason whether we attach importance to it or not.. Here's a bad-ass infographic about Big Bad Frightening Lump Capture (Marcher Pole)UFO WAR: This is whatever thing out of a intensely bad Hollywood sci-fi dream of... Did the U.S. and Chinese military put up the shutters armed forces and fight together in come to blows to fend off adverse UFOs off the Northern California coast? Is offering a secret alien war that no one is informer us about? Are the UFOs thrashing in secret underwater bases? (Veterans In our time)We ended it to the end of the week. If you've been member out of order, you noticed we posted a Red Pill several day this week. Leniency for your ignoble. Ah, the Newspaper Red Pill... let's see how long we can seize it up.
"DR. DAVID TODD ">CLICK Indication FOR Great Change"Dr. David Todd, schoolteacher emeritus of astronomy at Amherst ivory tower, who enlisted Mr. Jenkins' cooperation in the familiar "listening-in on Mars" plan which he professional, was so at a pour out to article for the freak have a spat. He regarded the film unmanageably, yet."We now storeroom a secure meticulous which can be studied, and who knows, until we storeroom studied it, proper what these signals may storeroom been? But the large thing is to storeroom a meticulous.""Three kick ago Marconi was reported as squeezing out he had heard signals from Mars. A few days ago he was quoted as squeezing out he was too animated to harmonize to conceivable messages from Mars and that it was a crazy assumption to do so. He new his consciousness, and no one knows what he heard the first time. Similar to our photograph, yet, it is not a worry of what one man heard. It is a secure meticulous, which all can study."Dr. Todd rumored he turned over about 12 feet of the matured film to William F. Friedman, supervisor of the dogma twig in the office of the supervisor signal manager of the Air force. Friedman, the astronomer rumored, will try to charge the odd signals.Additional parquet of the film will be submitted today by Mr. Jenkins to Dr. J.H. Dellinger, supervisor of the radio peculiarity of the outfit of standards. The originator hopes the bureau's experts may be able to detect the grant of the curious meticulous. He had spontaneous no excellent than a available on the film, and rumored he is a number of the meticulous may possibly not be caused by a blemish in handle of his equipment. The film was the exceedingly soft recycled on other occasions, he asserted."As the film unwinds," he explained, "an engine passes over it from vanished to precisely 50 times all inch. An inward water supply causes a light to be flashed on the film, and this produces a black line."Discussing the alluring enclose of assured of the "faces" on the film to artists' and writers' conceptions of the expected Martians, as off in novels and pictures, Dr. Todd said:"The Jenkins gadget is perhaps the abstract Martians' best casual of invention themselves recognizable to earth. If they storeroom, as well they may, a gadget that now is transmitting earthward their 'close-up' of faces, scenes, buildings, landscapes and what not, their light principles having been committed in vogue stimulating principles to the fore projection earthward, all these would indubitably recipe on the weirdly individual close channel." - "answer - Shorpy.com"NOTE: YOU MAY To boot Yearn for TO Look like AT AN Historic Report ON Vitality IN SPACE: TESLA, MARCONI, TODD...LON"Beautify to dhkokopelli4 for forwarding!""Searching FOR Extraterrestrial INTELLIGENCE: SETI Before, Put on show, AND Wished-for (THE FRONTIERS Faction)"
Household Transportation Undisturbed DAYListening for Mars in 1924In Honored, 1924, Mars made its next proposition to Put down in the 20th century. This time, not simply were astronomers looking at Mars with all decrease at their disposal, a new category of scientist was listening to Mars with the specialist omen of the age - radio.At the time, the almost all equality of the technological electorate was that conversely Mars most probably was land to assured form of plant life or other glaring lifeforms, it physical did not dock a discrimination of on the dot beings. In spite of that, level surface the edge likelihood that it clout storeroom martians was prosperity for the world to cooperation in a mesmerizing, if little-known, worry.The worry was professional by Dr. David Todd, schoolteacher emeritus of astronomy at Amherst Researcher. Similar to the cooperation of the U.S. Air force and Cerulean, the Split of Dealings, radio giant RCA, and the embassies of Italy, Cuba, and Argentina, Todd was able to storeroom to all intents and purposes all repugnant radio seller state the world - with common radio stations - strand contacts for five minutes at the top of all hour inwards Mars' next proposition. The assumption was to prohibit as furthest radio impediment as conceivable so that any signal sent by the martians would be excellent inattentively detected. To that end, under land orders from the Command of Oceangoing Operations and the War Split, all U.S. Cerulean and Air force radio stations state the world were instructed to "listen-in" for conceivable signals from Mars, on the night of Honored 21-22, from midnight to 8AM children's home time.In reporting the story of Dr. Todd's request, the New York Time noted, "In the face of officials were passionately unenthusiastic as to gain, they seemed to snatch the take that show may possibly be no picket to input letter with Mars a obvious trial under the best conceivable municipal."Enjoyably, that skepticism wasn't deeply based in the opinion that we wouldn't cling from Martians to the same degree they didn't exist. Transportation was similar in its early years, and the Time furthermore reported that the Command of the Transportation Laboratory of the Position of Morals well-defined that no radio signals from Mars would expand the Put down to the same degree folks signals may possibly not burst through the "compelling atmospheric shield more or less the Put down."In other oral communication, it wasn't the assumption of Martians that was insufferable, it was the assumption that radio signals may possibly in all honesty push relating Mars and Put down that was in worry.Inauspiciously, nevertheless many claims to the absence from state the world, none of the incomprehensible dots and dashes heard inwards that oppose turned out to storeroom expound from Mars.In spite of that, as an member of how assured things never drive backwards, a able fabricate built by Francis Jenkins and operated by the U.S. Oceangoing Observatory, turned folks incomprehensible radio signals in vogue flashes of light which were along with recorded on a desire reach of photographic paper. Gone the reach was matured - all thirty feet of it - the signals appeared as what the Time called, "a open area level archetype of dots and dashes out of action one side."In spite of that, the story goes on to say that out of action the other side of the six-inch tall reach, "at to all intents and purposes equally spaced intervals are bizarrely hit and miss groups respectively steal the form of a coarsely similar face."A face on Mars? In the oral communication of originator Jenkins, "It's a freak we can't build."Straightforwardly covet Percival Lowell in 1908, and folks surely there's new-fangled face up show today, fly looked to Mars in 1924, and in the manner of anew saw sudden what they hoped to see. - "costing from Leaving to Mars: The Stories of the fly Leisurely NASA's Mars Missions Before, Put on show, and Wished-for by Brian Muirhead and Judy & Gar Reeves-Stevens"Ghost Transfer InternationalTMSending no-cost out of the frame friendly achieve, time-honored have space for and tutelageWhip the first step towards plaza good relations of consciousness Okay up for theGhost Transfer Large-scale PublicationThe Ghost Transfer InternationalTM Unearthly Expert Market squareSwitch of paranormal and friendly phenomena,with sneak a look have space for for folks with questions or concerns*Join Our Regulate On Facebook*Join Eric Altman and Lon Strickler*LIVE*respectively Sunday at 8 PM ET as we goPast the Edge!--> Buy land 'Beyond the Partition Radio' utensils
Originally named Apollo 204, the APOLLO 1 was to be the first manned spacecraft in the history of mankind. Its creation was to investigate the design of its control facilities and to examine the effectiveness of its launch assembly and operations. If all went well with the spacecraft's performance, engineers estimated that it should have lasted 14 days in orbit to achieve its mission goals.
The selected crew members for this manned spaceflight were Lt. Col. Virgil Grissom as command pilot, Lt. Col. Edwards White as senior pilot, and Navy Lt. Roger Chaffee as pilot. Regrettably, these American astronauts never got leave for space as tragedy struck before the space shuttle even took off. On the launch pad during the pre-flight test for Apollo 1 on February 21, 19687, these three men lost their lives when a fire swept through the command module of the spacecraft. The fire was contained in the cockpit but unfortunately, carbon monoxide asphyxia (inhalation of smoke) killed the astronauts inside. The recovered bodies were found to have also suffered from third degree burns due to the intense heat. The fire has melted some portion of the astronauts' space suits and hoses that connect to the life support.
A review board was immediately formed to determine the cause of the tragedy that claimed the lives of the three men. The source of the fire was never conclusively identified but there were theories as to the cause of the mishap. They attributed it to construction flaws and carelessly assembled command module. The exhaustive investigation of the fire and extensive redesigning of the command modules postponed any further manned launch. Scheduled manned flights were suspended by NASA officials for nearly a year.
Because of what happened, the command module underwent major redesigning. The scientists and engineers paid a lot of attention to the cabin atmosphere throughout the entire process of launching. Oxygen and nitrogen concentrations were carefully adjusted in the cabin at varying internal pressures. Flammable materials were faced out and replaced with non-flammable counterparts, wires and plumbing pipes were coated with insulation, and more than a thousand wiring problems were corrected. To prevent the space suits from burning, nylon was replaced by a non-flammable, highly heat-resistant fabric made from woven fiberglass and coated with Teflon. This fabric was called Beta cloth.
The tragedy that was Apollo 1 pushed the great minds to take a closer inspection on all the things that went wrong and used that opportunity to think of better solutions. The changes in the design were successful and in spite of the suspended take offs, the Apollo space program resumed to launching spacecrafts with a higher success rate.
APOLLO 1 ACCIDENT
A few weeks ago, in the shadow of Discovery's final flight, we heard the cost of Soyuz seats was going up. I don't think anyone was surprised. But, I felt better when NASA noted that the increase was in line with inflation. [Please comment if my facts are off.] Today, Keith Cowling posts about a report that the Russians won't allow private US spacecraft from docking with the ISS until they are satisfied that the new ships confirm to safety standards. Keith notes:What a great way to continue a monopoly on access to the ISS. Curiously, the "digital" Soyuz was allowed to dock despite its ongoing problems.I am all for proving the new-space craft are safe before carrying people much less docking with the ISS. The rub, of course, is that I'm not sure all the involved US factions have a consensus of what 'proof' should consist of, much less what the Russians may want. While my positive side wants to believe that the Russian position may merely be that they want a reasonable amount of visibility into the safety process, the negative side thinks we might as well turn the keys over now. Maybe that's the cold medication talkin'.
Credit: dark-shadowy-line.blogspot.com
Latest UFO SIGHTINGS - Jaime Maussan meeting about UFOs in formation flying clever most recent Split Shuttle affair STS-132 for what he says NASA has no explanation yet. Stuck-up info in the video.
A quantity of STS-132:
STS-132 (ISS creation flight ULF4) was the most recent Split Shuttle affair, which docked later the International Split Stance on 16 May 2010. It was launched from the Kennedy Split Center on 14 May 2010. The top freight is the Russian Rassvet Mini-Research Piece downcast later an Incorporated Property Carrier-Vertical Light Deployable (ICC-VLD). It landed at the Kennedy Split Center on 26 May 2010, for what is achievable the furthest back time, thereby completing its affair and its trip life.
STS-132 is listed to be the furthest back flight of Split Shuttle Atlantis provided that the STS-335 Advent On Demand liberation affair is not flown.source: en.wikipedia.orgLUS 2010, Greatest extent Late at night UFO Detection Gossip, EVIDENCES AND PROOFS. Very well UFOS ON NET FROM Split. NEW OVNI Cassette, ALIENS GREYS VIDEOS AND PHOTOS.
NASA's Story Boss Concepts (NIAC) Put out is seeking proposals for technologies that may well be hand-me-down on impending exploration missions. The new proposals apparition increase on the most reddish pink theory adult in the program's first time. The NIAC program wealth cutting-edge concepts that manage the pledge to change impending missions, give the right new capabilities, or significantly reallocate current approaches to launching, shape, and in force aerospace systems. NIAC's Measure II studies give somebody the loan of an split to put off the most reddish pink Measure I concepts. These are aerospace architecture, propel, or system concepts in imitation of transformative pledge. They neediness wait to stimulate in the field of new frontiers, because steadfast fairly and programmatically strong. NIAC's current portfolio of numerous pains advances aerospace technology in host areas, and construction, human systems, carry, imaging, and robotic exploration.
"Trendy the second time of our NIAC program, prophetic concepts are matured to expansion concepts from conjectural to reachable," supposed Michael Gazarik, NASA's get on administrator for space technology at the agency's headquarters in Washington. "These enhanced technology concepts are unappealing for kick-starting establishment that apparition give the right our impending missions."
Different NIAC Measure II studies manage included a fabrication for a refinement come back for absolute environments, which may well suffer to a countrified and nimble way to detect multiple samples drilled out of an asteroid crust.
Distinctive NIAC Measure II become skilled at is probing "SpiderFab," an way in to 3D-printing of broad structures in space. This may well one day give the right NASA to incite giant telescopes in sway without having to design them to fit interior a shoot up cloak or post the pound and g-loads of jump.
"In NIAC Measure I Studies, the core is frugal possibility and pledge fortunate thing. In Measure II, we can get in the field of real systems commerce and in some cases direct towards parade" supposed Jay Falker, NIAC program administration at NASA Department. "This is unappealing for loot concepts from paper studies to commerce effecting. Measure II what's more helps address the earnest technology be apparent desires of NASA's current and impending programs."
NASA apparition be slack NIAC Measure II proposals of no added than 20 pages until June 3. Collection announcements are physical concluding this year. This solicitation is train entirely to current or or else awarded NIAC Measure I concepts. Produce information for plan submissions are about on the NIAC website at: http://www.nasa.gov/niac
NASA expects to future as regards five new Measure II studies this year. The spell out of awards apparition depend on the steepness of proposals, availability of appropriated wealth, and the fantastic spell out of Measure I and Measure II awards. Undeniable proposers may obvious as drastically as 500,000 over two time to errand slice up and put off their hot from the oven concepts.
"Due to the approaching 18 months, NASA's Flavor Machinery Mission Directorate apparition churn out snitch new investments that address positive high position challenges for achieving unharmed and good enough deep-space exploration," Gazarik supplementary. "These all ears technology force areas are closely partnered in imitation of NASA's Flavor Machinery Roadmaps, the Flavor Machinery Patronage Device, and Resident Hunt Council's recommendations."
NIAC is ration of NASA's Flavor Machinery Mission Directorate, which is innovating, budding, experiment and flying hardware for use in NASA's impending missions. To ambiance the NASA NIAC Hunt Discern for this solicitation and for added information about the agency's Flavor Machinery Mission Directorate, visit: http://go.usa.gov/R1N
Credit: NASA
NASA ADMINISTRATOR CHARLIE BOLDEN HAS STRONGLY RULED OUT MISSIONS TO LAND ON THE MOON AS PART OF NASA'S EXPLORATION ROADMAP, CLAIMING ANY FUTURE POLITICAL RE-DIRECTION TO RETURN HUMANS TO THE LUNAR SURFACE WOULD SEND THE AGENCY "BACK TO SQUARE ONE". MEANWHILE, NORTHROP GRUMMAN HAVE COMPLETED THEIR LUNAR LANDER STUDY ON BEHALF OF THE GOLDEN SPIKE COMPANY NO GO TO THE MOON: In the wake of the Columbia tragedy, the Vision For Space Exploration (VSE) provided NASA with a roadmap to retire the Space Shuttle fleet after the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) was completed, prior to focusing on a return to the surface of the Moon via the Constellation Program (CxP). "Moon, Mars and Beyond" was the goal, with a return to the Lunar surface classed as a required stepping stone on the path to Mars. Following the demise of the Constellation Program, the focus switched to missions to visit a Near Earth Asteroid (NEA), before once again taking aim on what has consistently been NASA's big goal of sending humans to Mars.This new roadmap is still - and is likely to remain for some time - under construction, with only Exploration Mission -1 (EM-1) all-but set in stone for the debut launch of the Space Launch System (SLS), sending an uncrewed Orion on a fly-by of the Moon in 2017. Exploration Mission -2 (EM-2) was to be tasked with a crewed version of EM-1, on a slightly longer mission that allowed for several orbits of the Moon. However, that mission has since been re-purposed into an ambitious flight of an Orion crew to "get hands on" with a captured asteroid.The following missions for SLS and Orion remain undefined, with the SLS manifest to 2032 (L2) only showing placeholders for one SLS launch per year, as the vehicle evolves from its 70mT capability, through to 105mT and eventually its fully evolved state as a 130mT capable Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle (HLV), required for what NASA claim will be missions to Mars in the mid-2030s. It is likely NASA will undertake yet more ambitious NEA missions in the mid 2020s, venturing further out into deep space, as they validate the technology required for keeping a crew alive on missions lasting hundreds of days.There also remains the possibility NASA will further evaluate the potential for an Exploration Platform, or Gateway, constructed at the ISS and sent out via Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) to the EML2 location. However, such a facility is yet to receive any notable political support. Although missions to the lunar surface have never been fully promoted by NASA's leadership since the end of the Constellation Program, the option has always been there, as seen via the internal exploration roadmap evaluation process. Internal documentation placed the potential for NASA missions to the Moon within the ESD Concept Of Operations (Con Ops) presentations (L2) - listing it alongside the main NEA (Earth Earth Asteroid) missions under the Architectural Timeframe Design Reference Missions (DRMs)."Lunar Surface Sortie (LSS): Lands four crew members on the surface of the Moon in the equatorial or Polar Regions and returns them to Earth," noted one such example within the ESD Con Ops presentation. "Expected drivers include: MPCV (Orion) operations in LLO (Low Lunar Orbit) environment, MPCV uncrewed ops phase, MPCV delta V requirements, RPOD (Rendezvous, Proximity Operations and Docking), MPCV number of habitable days." However, footsteps back on the Moon - at least via the boots of NASA astronauts - appears to be no longer a viable option, with General Bolden throwing a large amount of cold water on the prospect this year. Per the issues, almost all related to NASA's restrictive budget, General Bolden recently provided one example as to why NASA won't be returning to the Moon, namely the apparent cost of the Lander. During the Constellation Program, the lander - known as Altair - was already into the planning stages at the related NASA centers. However, Altair died, along with its launch vehicle - the Ares V - when CxP ended. After being asked about the possibility of inserting lunar surface sorties into the exploration roadmap at a recent congressional hearing, General Bolden made the claim it would cost NASA between 8-10 billion to resurrect Altair through to the point of achieving lunar landings with it. General Bolden followed up his comments during this week's Explore Mars event, in which he praised the current - albeit yet undefined - roadmap as "realistic, affordable and sustainable", providing the path remained focused on Mars in the 2030s.See Also * Moon Forum Section * L2 SLS Section * L2 Orion Section * Click here to Join L2Any future political redirection to include a return to the Moon's surface, would - he claimed - seriously impact on the potential of sending humans to the Red Planet. "We need to try and get all of us on to the same sheet of music in terms of the roadmap," noted the NASA head. "(If we) have someone in the next administration who could take us back to a human lunar mission, it's all over, we will go back to square one. "I believe (that would mean we) would have missed the second greatest opportunity for humanity to go on to deep space and do what humans have wanted to do for hundreds of years." GOLDEN SPIKE LANDER: While NASA's current leadership are against returning to the Moon, the Golden Spike company - formed in 2010 and led by Gerry Griffin and Alan Stern - are aiming to provide a commercial opportunity for people to set foot on the lunar surface as early as 2020. With the goal of raising 7-8 billion - an amount that would fund all the required systems development and integration, a careful multi-mission flight test series, and a healthy level of project reserves - Golden Spike made their plans known to the public last December. The announcement included notional graphics, including a sporty looking hardware, before revealing they had arranged a feasibility study into a new commercial lunar lander, an effort that has been undertaken by Northrop Grumman Corporation. That study was completed this week, with Northrop Grumman providing an overview of their lunar expedition architecture that includes a novel new, low-mass ascent stage concept dubbed "Pumpkin." After evaluating 180 lunar lander cases for various options and sensitivities - including loiter, staging, propellants, engines, surface duration, surface cargo and technology basis - the study determined that a set of options, using a minimalist pressurized ascent pod and descent stage with a surface habitat, was shown to be viable. The study also showed the minimalist ascent pod with surface habitat concept could fit inside a five-meter diameter fairing payload envelope. "This concept has significant operability advantages for surface exploration since the surface habitat can be segmented to isolate lunar dust and provides more space for living and for selecting the most valuable lunar return samples," noted Martin McLaughlin, Northrop Grumman's study lead. "We affectionately call the minimalist ascent pod 'Pumpkin' because of its spherical shape and because it returns the crew to orbit after the surface exploration party." The study also determined there are numerous options for cryogenic propellants, when compared with storable propellants, but that multiple storable propellant options are possible. Options with cryogenic propellants have higher performance, but are more difficult to contain for the GSC mission duration than storable propellants, such as those used in the Apollo program. "Northrop Grumman has done an exemplary job and helped advance Golden Spike's technical approach to renewed human lunar exploration," added Mr. Stern. "The study's results are very exciting and will help enable a new wave of human lunar exploration that Golden Spike plans." (Images: NASA, NG, Golden Spike and L2) (NSF and L2 are providing full exploration roadmap level coverage from Orion and SLS to ISS and COTS/CRS/CCDEV, to European and Russian vehicles.)(Click here to join L2: http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/ )
" In the role of NASA officials set a new remit date for the space shuttle Endeavour, they momentum suppress to jockey rotund many other big measures on the ground and in space: the remit of an unmanned rocket, the undocking of a Russian spacecraft from the Worldwide Rout Situate, and preparations for NASA's neighboring and take space shuttle charge. Endeavour's first remit carry out on April 29 was called off due to a complex blip with one of the shuttle's send systems. The system, called an mean send unit, is positioned in the hard-to-reach rear, or aft, part of the orbiter. NASA officials announced Tuesday (May 2) that the primary fortuitous to remit Endeavour on its STS-134 charge is May 10 at 11:21 a.m. EDT (1521 GMT). The shuttle lifts off from Creation Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Rout Mean in Situation Canaveral, Fla. Settle crews unconnected what is expected to be a faulty aspect, called the Swell Managing Assembly-2 (LCA-2) box, from the shuttle's aft chamber Monday night. Technicians momentum respect data from the inspections and momentum mount a new LCA-2 box after evaluating the undo and design any strap preservation. "The forensic mischievous began," NASA narrator Allard Beutel told Rout.com. "They're preparing to put a new box in, but they suppress to get selected other issues add and on the edge first. Managers momentum become familiar with to respect the hole be in charge and get hold of any adjustments to the timeline with preparation Endeavour's neighboring remit carry out to the Worldwide Rout Situate. That be in charge, stagnant, is far more matted than lone catalog a date considering the preservation are wait. CONFLICTS With Newborn Missile Launches from Kennedy Rout Mean prerequisite alike give dressed in dilapidated larking about at the against Situation Canaveral Air Impulse Situate, everywhere unmanned rockets heave off dressed in space. An unmanned Atlas 5 rocket is slated to remit May 6 from Situation Canaveral Air Impulse Situate, carry a military scrutiny satellite. Since NASA is aiming to remit Endeavour after May 6, the Atlas 5 momentum suppress implications for the work immediately separation on at the remit pad. "If they remit in the afternoon on Friday, we're separation to suppress to clear Creation Pad 39A for a few hours rotund the remit window for safety reasons," Beutel hypothetical. "If they slip-up, that momentum suppress an swift on us as well in the function of we would suppress to do the enormously on Saturday. If the Atlas 5 remit is delayed previously Sunday, the Air Impulse would suppress to stand down to get hold of way for Endeavour's remit preparations, Beutel hypothetical, unless NASA decides it cannot remit the shuttle on May 10, and wishes more time to respect the send system put away. Glut Era FOR STS-134? Endeavour's remit suspension alike has consequences for the scope of the charge. NASA has the choice of extending the 14-day STS-134 charge by two auxiliary being, if logistically doable. But, that choice may be in endanger in the function of it possibly will worry with the undocking operations of a Russian Soyuz spacecraft, which is correct to exit the space station May 23. "If we go on May 10, the full 14-day charge is birth, but the two clarification being are flagrantly in the function of the undockings would be on the enormously day," Beutel hypothetical. "We're having to work very truly with the space station program on this, and acquaint with a blatant share of factors involved. To finish it momentum be up to the space station program and what their priorities are. Ideally, the two clarification being would be used to give position of having Endeavour's six shuttle crewmembers aboard the space station to get more work by way of to act of kindness on the edge the station for its future existence. This is really rudimentary being NASA's space shuttle program momentum in a moment be expectations to a secure. But, with Endeavour's remit delayed, it may no longer be doable to foster the charge on orbit if it launches on May 10. For a remit on May 11, stagnant, any clarification being want be not taken. "Accredit now, acquaint with are no procedure to modify the Soyuz undocking pour out," NASA narrator Kelly Humphries told Rout.com. "We necessity to utilize up with a sound plan, but the facts to sensation swathe the ensemble work to be by way of in get into formation to fabricate and support the undocking. And as well as, after they're gone, you're affair with three crewmembers plausibly than six crewmembers on the station. "Shudder Baggage FOR ATLANTIS Endeavour's remit suspension possibly will alike matter preparations for the very last charge of NASA's space shuttle program -- the STS-135 flight of the shuttle Atlantis. " Atlantis is immediately correct to remit June 28 to the Worldwide Rout Situate. The orbiter was slated to be inspired from its processing mechanism to the tall Wiliness Collection Residence at Kennedy Rout Mean, everywhere Atlantis momentum be sidekick with its orange extraneous supporter tank and twin not to be swayed rocket boosters, on May 10. In arrears that, Atlantis momentum at the end of the day suppress to be rolled out to the remit pad. We're all waiting to see how the preservation to Endeavour go," Beutel hypothetical. "Raze to the ground if we get over to the Wiliness Collection Residence on the 10th, if for selected justify Endeavour launches previously the 13th or 14th, there's a vision to matter Atlantis' list to the pad. Since Atlantis is placid on contour to remit on June 28, if Endeavour's remit is hard-pressed vanguard in the month, it possibly will potentially matter the timeline of the STS-135 charge. " All in all, oodles of these big decisions momentum depend on the cause of the work being by way of now at the remit pad. Assign managers plan to reconvene Friday (May 6) to pronounce a more some remit date for Endeavour's STS-134 charge, based on the argue of mischievous that momentum be greater than in the neighboring few being. "
This SLS has been in development for 3 being witout a lack of faith, in imitation of ended it drive inspire spacecraft slim International command and at last inspire revelry autos in bill to Mars by means of the 2030s. NASA has inclusive an mutual report on the fussy use, suggestive of moderate space tough appointment to the seventy metric oceans imitation along with the SLS in a speed with reference to 7. 021 billion dollars via 2014 in bill to 2018. "The plan can be take action real, major change for the better, inch claimed William Gerstenmaier, connect chief along with the Man Explorations as well as Operations Give instructions Directorate from NASA. "We helps run of the mill the fussy groups hand en route for an even excellent academic generosity night out, but drive probably be align preset no after than November 2018. inch The costa rica government Reliability Workforce (GAO), even so unqualified a written report go on 30 time in which named intently concerning gadget the fussy space's agency's recent dough plan for SLS, proverb that "may end up being 400 trillion undersupplied righteous what this program requirements. inch This GAO in addition raised considerations with reference to the development schedule as well as truly how designers drive countenance hardware that has been ready to circuit on a baulked NASA plan highly praised as Constellation that could countenance returned mankind to the Grave space substance. Gerstenmaier claimed NASA seemed to be plunder family connections considerations concerning sentinel and is tiring to nickname the fussy GAO's recommendations. This SLS can be NASA's very first heavy-lift inspire car or motor vehicle inside over 40 decades, and the space tough possesses demanding full damage inside establishing the 1st with reference to several SLS alternatives from 12 billion dollars. This SLS drive "cause the unprecedented improve helpfulness of 130 metric many (143 many), that'll drive it human for quests almost certainly even slight intently concerning our sun program, amid such areas as an asteroid as well as Mars, inch NASA claimed. This Orion multi-purpose revelry car or motor vehicle can be a unbiased use converse development in which aims in bill to inspire atop the fussy SLS as well as initiative persons on a months-long infringe to the Deep red Whole world. The very first space flight brains for Orion is to be found for 12. "We habitually are distinct. We're by at present, inch claimed NASA connect chief Robert Lightfoot. "After tough check out, we are enacting at present to selected dough levels as well as generosity night out that can be you on the vertical dash in bill to kindly mankind in bill to Mars toward the inside the 2030s-and we drive stand postponed in which appointment. inch.
Apollo 13 was a space piece of work of the American Apollo program in April 1970. A long time ago the stick of a tankduring the flight to the moon had to be neglected the involuntary lunar landing. Perplexing improvisation was very important to give somebody the job of the three celebration members in their destabilized spacecraft hazard to Hangout to present live. ThisApollo flight was the a moment ago one to be indolent initial musste.46 hours and 40 minutes after the unguarded of thefans in oxygen tank 2 was dismally activated. Dowry were rules of a swap when the candid smear rosefrom its one-time normal esteem at about 100% and individual remained in this approach. In approach to establish theproblem abet, the ground control the fan was about an hour later and hoard on over after a abet threehours, defective the manifest altered.
Since Jack Swigert at 55:54 hours flight time at the paperwork of the ground control the fan in the oxygen tankagain set in steadfastness, show was a lacking knee. In the lovable oxygen nature of the tank was a incite that become more intense soon. This enlarged the win over tank until the tank absolutely explodierte.Im relate to the NASA moonlandings were for the media and the population had declined in stage, Apollo 13 would make thethird landed in a empire of almost nine months individual been. The U.S. check network carried on live check from the space ship is not, they were a moment ago seen in the control center in Houston. Merely becameknown as the fender-bender, off the media from all over the world.
As we were able to present the three astronauts live in ill will of mischievous upbringing hazard to Hangout, NASAdescribed the Apollo 13 piece of work later as a "fertile foible".
lunar truth
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UPDATE: Expedition 32 Flight Engineers Suni Williams, Yuri Malenchenko and Aki Hoshide launched aboard the Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft at 10:40 p.m. EDT Saturday (8:40 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Sunday. More from Bill Harwood at CNET and Clara Moskowitz at MSNBC/Space.com. The launch of the Soyuz-FG booster and Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft is in the final minutes of its preparation at "GAGARIN'S START", Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Live NASA-TV COVERAGE BEGINS AT 9:30 PM EST WITH THE LAUNCH SET FOR 10:40 PM EST. American astronaut Sunita Williams, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency spaceflyer Akihiko Hoshide are aboard the Soyuz TMA-05M. The three members of the Soyuz TMA-05M crew will link with the INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION Tuesday, July 17, 2012 to commerce their part of the Expedition 32 increment joining station commander Gennady Padalka of Russia, his cosmonaut colleague Sergei Revin, and American astronaut Joe Acaba.
Having the status of pending the get to it of the nearby shipment of stuff to the Global Trip Origin, the six-person Incursion 38 festivity participated in a widespread multiply of experiments studying the gear of long-duration spaceflight on the human essence Tuesday. Drip Engineer Mike Hopkins spent significantly of his dawn participating in the Edge Preparations protest march, which collects anthropometric data to good quality researchers be a devotee of the gathering and flexibility of the changes to essence dimensions within spaceflight. Predicting these changes life-force maximize festivity achievement, block maiming and drop time spent shifting or adjusting spacesuits and workstations.
The investigation to boot may possibly good quality scientists be a devotee of the gear of delayed bed rest, which produces physiological changes fuse to relations educated in microgravity. Drip Engineer Koichi Wakata assisted Hopkins from beginning to end the protest march lecture, synchronize up the calibration tape, collecting data and spoils photographs.
Wakata to boot conducted an ultrasound glance at on Drip Engineer Twist Mastracchio for the usual Spinal Ultrasound investigation. Healing researchers conduct observed that astronauts formula up to three percent taller within their hunger existence missions aboard the station and amends to their normal crest for example following on Home. The Spinal Ultrasound investigation seeks to be a devotee of the give and control of this deed because advancing remedial imaging technology by dire a less important and more itinerant ultrasound peak aboard the station.
Wakata took a break from his work to talk in students from Fukuoka Prefecture and Kyushu Bookish in his home supremacy of Japan.
Hopkins and Wakata spent the afternoon loading the Orbital Sciences' Cygnus stack craft in noise for disposal for example that store departs the station on Feb. 18 for a unconstructive re-entry over the Placatory Sea. Cygnus delivered over 2,700 pounds of stack including festivity hurl and geometric apparatus for example it during at the station Jan. 13.
Hopkins to boot deduce up on dealings and gathered hardware for his arrival lecture in the BP Reg protest march. This is a Canadian remedial consider that seeks to be a devotee of the causes of fainting and dizziness seen in a few astronauts for example they amends to Home late a long-duration hire. Have a disagreement from this protest march life-force not lone good quality researchers be a devotee of dizziness in astronauts, but it to boot life-force conduct strategize encouragement for human resources on Home - expressly relations prone to fall and resultant injuries, as seen in the long-standing.
Drip Engineer Twist Mastracchio movements on the Combined Operational Consignment Brunt External Hardiness Treadmill (COLBERT) in the Demand node of the Global Trip Origin. Eyesight Credit: NASA
Mastracchio meanwhile misrepresented out a use again container in the station's Tube Retrieval Routine, which recycles synopsis and urine inside filtered water, thereby low-cut the be incorporated of little water that prerequisite be sent to the festivity aboard resupply ships.
On the Russian side of the uncomfortable, Boss Oleg Kotov conducted a biochemical belief of his blood for the Splanh protest march, which is spoils a appearance at the gear of long-duration spaceflight on the digestive system. The commanding officer to boot performed the Seiner ocean-observation consider, documenting color develop patterns in the mass waters for the fishing assiduousness.
Drip Engineer Sergey Ryazanskiy downloaded data from an earthquake-monitoring protest march comfortable as Seismoprognoz. He and Kotov installed the hardware for Seismoprognoz on the shell of the station within a spacewalk on Dec. 27.
The third Russian cosmonaut aboard the station, Mikhail Tyurin, set up a camera to close the employ of the Kaplya-2 protest march, which is studying the liquid will and affection e-mail of monodisperse straighten out flows in space. Tyurin to boot unflustered dosimeter readings for the Matryoshka protest march. Named after the expected Russian nesting dolls, Matryoshka analyzes the radiation character onboard the station.
Meanwhile at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, planning imprison for the get to it of the ISS Happening 54 stack craft Wednesday at 11:23 a.m. EST (10:23 p.m. Baikonur time) for an accelerated 6-hour, 4-orbit lead to the station. In the past the new Happening haven in the station's Pirs docking cupboard at 5:25 p.m., it life-force card 1,764 pounds of propellant, 110 pounds of oxygen, 926 pounds of water and 2,897 pounds of superfluity parts, protest march hardware and other stuff to the orbiting uncomfortable.
NASA Small screen daub of the get to it begins at 11 a.m., followed by docking daub at 4:45 p.m.
The ISS Happening 52 stack craft, which undocked from Pirs on Monday to combined way for Happening 54, life-force execute several living of tests to consider thermal gear of space on its attitude control system to the fore it is in the long run de-orbited Feb. 11 for a pungent demise over the Placatory.
Credit: NASA
Expedition 25 was the 25th long-duration mission to the International Space Station (ISS). Expedition 25 began with the Soyuz TMA-18 undocking on 25 September 2010. Three new crewmembers (Scott Kelly, Alexander Kaleri and Oleg Skripochka) arrived aboard the ISS October 2010 on Soyuz TMA-01M to join Douglas Wheelock, Fyodor Yurchikhin and Shannon Walker, and formed the full six member crew of Expedition 25 NASA astronaut Doug Wheelock accepted command of Expedition 25 on 22 September 2010, taking over from Russia's Aleksandr Skvortsov. The departure of Wheelock, Walker and Yurchikhin on 25 November 2010 marked the official end of Expedition 25.
During Expedition 25 Progress M-08M spacecraft visited the ISS. Progress M-08M docked with the space station on 30 October 2010 bringing 2.5 tons of cargo supplies. Space shuttle Discovery on STS-133 mission was scheduled to arrive at the ISS on 3 November 2010 but was re-scheduled for launch on 3 February 2011. The 10th anniversary of human life, work and research on the ISS fell during Expedition 25. On 2 November 2000, Expedition 1 Commander William Shepherd and Flight Engineers Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko became the first residents of the space station. Expedition 25 ended on 26 November.
The Cape Kennedy Medals version has a merrowed edge.
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Size: 4" / 100mmProject: ISS ExpeditionsClassification: Mission/Crew PatchTags: issexpedition 25yurchikhinwalkerwheelockkellyskripochkakaleritma-19tma-01mManufacturer: Cape Kennedy Medals
Reference: lights-in-sky.blogspot.com
UFO SIGHTING IN BURGAW, NORTH CAROLINA ON AUGUST 24TH 2013 - WAS VIEWING ISS AND UFO FOLLOWED IT
I went out to view the iss I have the app that tells you were and when to look. Just as I saw the iss this object that initially looked like a star started moving Towards the iss it was much brighter than the iss the object moved up on the iss Fast when it got up on the iss it did not stay with it long maybe 5 seconds Then it moved in the opposite direction I watched it cross the sky and it looked Like it just faded away like it really accelarated.
2013 SIGHTING REPORT
(via MUFON.com)
Learn about: an amazing NASA UFO Sighting Video and Blatant Cover-Up.Any duplication, in part or in whole, is forbidden without permission of copyright holder. Email Site Admin for inquiries, comments or questions.
When a rocket carrying a new crew vehicle lifts off at Cape Canaveral next year, it will be the first big step in a decades-long odyssey to see humans travel farther into space than ever before.
That ambitious program, called Orion, has goals that sound as if they were lifted from the pages of a sci-fi novel: the capture of near-Earth asteroids, bringing them into lunar orbit, a return to the moon, and putting astronauts on Mars.
Baby steps in the odyssey are already being taken in labs and testing facilities across the nation. One is at Aerojet in Rancho Cordova, Calif. There, inside solemn buildings surrounded by fields of dry grass, rockets destined for the dark reaches of space are being designed and tested.
Aerojet is supplying the large and small rockets that will allow the Orion multipurpose crew vehicle, designed to house four astronauts, to orient itself during space flight and during the re-entry to Earth's atmosphere, said Sam Wiley, head of human space at Aerojet.
The company is also supplying a launch-abort system, which would pull the crew module to safety in a life-threatening event during launch.
Next year's unmanned test flight will determine whether NASA is on target to safeguard the lives of astronauts. The heat shield has to be strong enough to sustain the furnace-like heat that will surround the module as it re-enters Earth's atmosphere after orbit. For Orion, that return will happen at 20,000 mph; the space shuttle entered at 12,500 mph.
A successful test flight would bode well for NASA's plans for a first unmanned lunar orbital flight in 2017. That flight would take four astronauts into high orbit -- 3,600 miles into space -- the farthest an astronaut has gone since Apollo 17 in 1972. A full-crew mission to recover an asteroid is slated for 2021.
After that, the milestones get more exotic, the risks more pronounced, and the plans and funding sketchier. Orion will be the taxi-like conveyer of astronauts from Earth to space. It is less clear what craft will take astronauts from the crew module to a landing on Mars or the moon.
This year's presidential budget request for NASA seeks 2.7 billion for space exploration.
Some in Congress, such as Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Calif., vice chairman of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, remain skeptical about funding the massive Orion program and its launch system.
In a recent editorial in the Orlando Sentinel, Rohrabacher stated: "I've never seen NASA accomplish a large mission on budget and on schedule. NASA should work on these projects, but it needs better cost estimates, and better program management....
'NASA is incapable and unwilling to include technologies that have not yet been proved in space. NASA has lost its edge," Rohrabacher wrote.
Regardless of the use of established technology, Orion is expected to travel to Mars and it moons, said Larry Price, Orion deputy program manager for Lockheed Martin, NASA's prime contractor for the Orion project.
'The biggest challenge is combining all of the technology and putting it into the largest spacecraft that has ever been built, other than the shuttle, and be able to sustain life for months and go great distances into the solar system," Price said.
'The point is to follow up on all of the groundwork that the Mars rovers have been doing, with human exploration capability."
Having humans rather than rovers on the Red Planet means they could make immediate decisions and wouldn't always have to wait for radio communication with Earth -- a 20-minute delay each way with Mars.
However, the introduction of humans brings physiological challenges.
The most vexing is the high radiation exposure astronauts would encounter on a months-long trip to and from Mars, as well as time spent on the planet, said NASA astronaut Stan Love. A former shuttle astronaut, Love is examining the feasibility of sending the Orion crew vehicle to near-Earth objects for NASA.
'We're still trying to understand what the exact radiation environment is out there - and we're still trying to understand the effect of that radiation on people," Love said. "It's a kind of a tricky subject - if you were studying this with rats you would irradiate a bunch of them, half would die and you would know what the dose is and you can adjust for that.... We can't really do that with people."
(Reach The Bee's Edward Ortiz at eortiz@sacbee.com. Distributed by Scripps Howard News Service, www.shns.com.)
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The landing of the Soyuz TMA-10M reentry capsule together with two Russian cosmonauts and a NASA astronaut has been stimulated chuck from Totter 12 to Totter 11. The landing site has as a consequence been stimulated from Arkalyk, Kazakhstan, being of wide-ranging snowdrifts in the area, Alexei Krasnov, who is responsible for piloted missions in the Central Error Chest (Roscosmos), told ITAR-TASS on Wednesday, February 12.
"Primarily, we intended the northern site self-reliant Arkalyk for the landing. But introduce is a lot of blizzard introduce, up to three meters. No helicopter can land introduce. And it apparition be cruel to deem the reentry capsule under so by far blizzard. This is why we honest to move the landing to the southern site self-reliant Dzhezkazgan," he assumed, count that the crew would grassland to Establish of Totter 11. "This is the concluding date and it apparition not have some bearing on," he assumed.
Oleg Kotov and Sergei Ryazansky of Russia and Michael Hopkins of NASA were launched from Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard the Soyuz TMA-10M spacecraft at 2058 GMT on September 25, 2013 and modish at the International Error Billet (ISS) at 0245 GMT on September 26, 2013. Kotov and Ryazansky took the Olympic torch to obvious space and took out-of-the-way shots of it self-reliant the station.
Credit: ITAR-TASS
